Modes, scales and tonalities

A fantastic video by David Bennett on his David Bennett Piano Channel, explains an easy to understand concept of "brightness" of a scale or mode. Please consider subscribing to David's channel for more super helpful and accessible nuggets of music theory.

In summary, modes and scales are closely related, with modes being a specific type of scale, and tonality is the overall feeling and organization of a piece of music, which can be determined by the mode or scale used in the piece.